雅思自学全攻略 —— 一文带你读懂关于雅思的一切！

新手区

高手区

01

阅读

1

2

这类题型我叫做“回家题”，因为如果你错一个就可以回家了。

这类题型一般出现在Passage 1，哪怕读不懂文章也全能做对，纯粹就是送分题。因为所有单词都是原文原词没有变形，答案的填写都是按文章顺序进行，也就是说第4题的答案在文章中一定在出现第3题之后。记住单词填空不是比谁做的准，而是比谁做得快。很多雅思机构强调背所谓的“同义替换词”，我不否认背替换词对做阅读有帮助，但我不建议将更多时间放在记哪几个单词之间是“替换词”，而是更广泛地背所有单词的含义，从句子的含义上去理解整个题干。因为只有读懂题干的含义才能帮你更快地定位到原文段落所在位置，例如下面的超长段落。

The latter end of this date range would tie the carving of the horse in with occupation of the nearby Uffington hillfort, indicating that it may represent a tribal emblem marking the land of the inhabitants of the hilfort. Alternatively, the carving may have been carried out during a Bronze or lron Age ritual. Some researchers see the horse as representing the Celtic horse goddess Epona, who was worshipped as a protector of horses, and for her associations with fertility. However, the cult of Epona was not imported from Gaul(France) until around the first century CE. This date is at least six centuries after the Uffington Horse was probably carved. Nevertheless, the horse had great ritual and economic significance during the Bronze and Iron Ages, as attested by its depictions on jiewellery and other metal objects. It is possible that the carving represents a goddess in native mythology, such as Rhiannon, described in later Welsh mythology as a beautiful woman dressed in gold and riding a white horse.

Q：Possible reasons for creation of the Uffington White Horse:

• an emblem to indicate land ownership

• formed part of an ancient ritual

• was a representation of goddess Epona-associated with protection of horses and __________(1)

• was a representation of a Welsh goddess called ____________(2)

其中（1）题，根据专有名词goddess Epona快速找到原文所在句子。根据题干可知，horses和填空词为并列成分，应填写名词。后面有两个名词associations和fertility。由于前文已经出现了Epona-associated—由Epona掌管的，因此该题的答案即为fertility（生育能力）。该句话的意思为“一些研究者将这匹马视为代表着凯尔特人的司马女神Epona，她由于掌管着对马匹的保护和生育能力，而受世人膜拜。”

而第（2）题中，根据地理位置Welsh快速定位到最后一句话。a Welsh goddess called后显然是一个具体女神的名字，根据前后文可迅速将答案定位至such as后的大写名词Rhiannon。

虽然整段文章晦涩难懂，但是只要根据题干中的人名/专有名词/时间/地点等定位到答案句，根据词性确定备选词并做出判断，也可以短时间内轻松做对题目。

我每次考试最爱的就是判断题，因为对我来说判断题简直就是送分题，基本上一分钟解决一个。

判断题的T/F/NG题目多出现Passage 1, Yes/No/NG多出现在后两篇，本质上没有区别，只不过第一篇较为简单。我知道很多学生搞不懂F和Not Given的区别，下面以剑16两道题为例，请同学们做出判断。（注意以下段落节选自不同文章）

段落一

Polar bears are being increasingly threatened by the effects of climate change, but their disappearance could have far-reaching consequences. They are uniquely adapted to the extreme conditions of the Arctic Circle, where temperatures can reach -40℃. One reason for this is that they have up to 11 centimetres of fat underneath their skin. Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese and would be likely to suffer from diabetes and heart disease. Yet the polar bear experiences no such consequences.

Q1：Polar bears suffer from various health problems due to the build-up of fat under their skin. （        ）

在第一题题干中“due to the build-up of fat under their skin”，定位到原文中“11 centimetres of fat underneath their skin”这句话说的虽然是北极熊皮肤下的厚厚脂肪，但没有提到北极熊的 health problems是由于脂肪造成的。

接着往下看，题干中的suffer from health problems刚好对应下一句话的“suffer from diabetes and heart disease”， 然而这里的疾病是人类由于肥胖导致的，而不是人家熊哥肥胖导致的。笨想也知道人家熊哥生活在北极，肯定需要厚厚的脂肪来抵御寒冬，怎们可能因此造成健康问题呢? 

接着最后一句话“ Yet the polar bear experiences no such consequences”——“然而北极熊没有这种后果”验证了我们的猜想。因此该题答案为（False）。

段落二

The Uffington White Horse is a unique, stylised representation of a horse consisting of a long, sleek back, thin disjointed legs,a streaming tail, and a bird-like beaked head. The elegant creature almost melts into the landscape. The horse is situated 2.5 km from Uffington village on a steep slope close to the Late Bronze Age (c. 7th century BCE) hillfort of Uffington Castle and below the Ridgeway,a long-distance Neolithic track.

Q2：The fame of the Uffington White Horse is due to its size. （        ）

在第二题中fame译为名声。该句话的意思为the Uffington White Horse 因为其形状而出名。显而易见，size对应文中“a long, sleek back, thin disjointed legs,a streaming tail, and a bird-like beaked head”，但该句话前面说到The Uffington White Horse是众多horse中一种unique（独特的）, stylised（具有其风格的） representation（代表），并没有说到它是因为其size而出名，属于过度推断。因此该题答案为（Not Given）。

由此可见：

• F表示文章和题干所说完全相反，且必须有足够证据推翻题干。

• NG则表示题干的内容可能是对的，但是文章并不能证明他是对的。同理，我们也不能断定他是错的。很多时候NG的题干也会做出过度推断，在这些情况下答案都为NG。

匹配题型历来是同学们的心头之患，很多同学见到匹配直接头大。我很理解同学们的想法，因为匹配题型确实没有任何做题技巧，只有读懂文章才能选对，也是雅思阅读的拉分题。然而，这不代表我们要读懂文章的每一句话才能做对匹配题。很多时候只要把握住段落主旨大意也可以做对80%的题目。

关于先读文章还是先看题干的问题。因为我认为在没读文章的前提下，先看题干会一头雾水不知所云，所以我个人的方法是先通读文章，给每一个段落用汉语标记关键词和主旨，之后再去通读题干找到与段落对应的题目。

以剑17 Test 1 Part 2为例，建议同学们可以先尝试自己给每一段做标记，再看我给每一段的标记（在段落尾部）。为了避免先有答案后有思路的状况出现，在给每一段做标记之前，我并没有看任何题干部分，更没有提前去看题目答案。

Stadiums: Past, Present and Future

A

Stadiums are among the oldest forms of urban architecture: vast stadiums where the public could watch sporting events were at the centre of western city life as far back as the ancient Greek and Roman Empires, well before the construction of the great medieval cathedrals and the grand 19th- and 20th-century railway stations which dominated urban skylines in later eras. Today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1 billion, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair. But this need not be the case. History shows that stadiums can drive urban development and adapt to the culture of every age. Even today, architects and planners are finding new ways to adapt the mono-functional sports arenas which became emblematic of modernisation during the 20th century.

（A：体育场历史悠久，花销高，但有重要意义）

B

The amphitheatre* of Arles in southwest France, with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, is perhaps the best example of just how versatile stadiums can be. Built by the Romans in 90 AD, it became a fortress with four towers after the fifth century, and was then transformed into a village containing more than 200 houses. With the growing interest in conservation during the 19th century, it was converted back into an arena for the staging of bullfights, thereby returning the structure to its original use as a venue for public spectacles. Another example is the imposing arena of Verona in northern Italy, with space for 30,000 spectators, which was built 60 years before the Arles amphitheatre and 40 years before Rome’s famous Colosseum. It has endured the centuries and is currently considered one of the world’s prime sites for opera, thanks to its outstanding acoustics.

（B:一个罗马人建造、曾被改建成斗牛用的体育场。）

C

The area in the centre of the Italian town of Lucca, known as the Piazza dell’Anfiteatro, is yet another impressive example of an amphitheatre becoming absorbed into the fabric of the city. The site evolved in a similar way to Arles and was progressively filled with buildings from the Middle Ages until the 19th century, variously used as houses, a salt depot and a prison. But rather than reverting to an arena, it became a market square, designed by Romanticist architect Lorenzo Nottolini. Today, the ruins of the amphitheatre remain embedded in the various shops and residences surrounding the public square.

（C：一个意大利人建造、曾被改建为Market square的体育场）

D

There are many similarities between modern stadiums and the ancient amphitheatres intended for games. But some of the flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century, as stadiums were developed using new products such as steel and reinforced concrete, and made use of bright lights for night-time matches. Many such stadiums are situated in suburban areas, designed for sporting use only and surrounded by parking lots. These factors mean that they may not be as accessible to the general public, require more energy to run and contribute to urban heat.

（D：现代体育场的缺点以及建立在远离城市的不便。）

E

But many of today’s most innovative architects see scope for the stadium to help improve the city. Among the current strategies, two seem to be having particular success: the stadium as an urban hub, and as a power plant. There’s a growing trend for stadiums to be equipped with public spaces and services that serve a function beyond sport, such as hotels, retail outlets, conference centres, restaurants and bars, children’s playgrounds and green space. Creating mixed-use developments such as this reinforces compactness and multi-functionality, making more efficient use of land and helping to regenerate urban spaces. This opens the space up to families and a wider cross-section of society, instead of catering only to sportspeople and supporters. There have been many examples of this in the UK: the mixed-use facilities at Wembley and Old Trafford have become a blueprint for many other stadiums in the world.

（E：现代体育场能提升城市、且多功能使用）

F

The phenomenon of stadiums as power stations has arisen from the idea that energy problems can be overcome by integrating interconnected buildings by means of a smart grid, which is an electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage, without significant energy losses. Stadiums are ideal for these purposes, because their canopies have a large surface area for fitting photovoltaic panels and rise high enough (more than 40 metres) to make use of micro wind turbines. Freiburg Mage Solar Stadium in Germany is the first of a new wave of stadiums as power plants, which also includes the Amsterdam Arena and the Kaohsiung Stadium. The latter, inaugurated in 2009, has 8,844 photovoltaic panels producing up to 1.14 GWh of electricity annually. This reduces the annual output of carbon dioxide by 660 tons and supplies up to 80 percent of the surrounding area when the stadium is not in use. This is proof that a stadium can serve its city, and have a decidedly positive impact in terms of reduction of CO2 emissions.

（F：体育场作为能源发电。）

G

Sporting arenas have always been central to the life and culture of cities. In every era, the stadium has acquired new value and uses: from military fortress to residential village, public space to theatre and most recently a field for experimentation in advanced engineering. The stadium of today now brings together multiple functions, thus helping cities to create a sustainable future. 

（G：不同历史时期，体育场都有重要作用）

以上总结均是在我未看题干时总结，在真正考试期间，为了节约时间，该过程可以在心中进行，不必特意做标记。接下来我们去看题：

Q14： a mention of negative attitudes towards stadium building projects      （  ）

Q15：figures demonstrating the environmental benefits of a certain stadium      （  ）

Q16：examples of the wide range of facilities available at some new stadiums      （  ）

Q17：reference to the disadvantages of the stadiums built during a certain era      （  ）

首先我们通读题干后，将关键词标黄。其次我们注意到14、17题都提到了体育场的负面影响。根据我的标记，只有A段的“花销高”以及D段的“缺点不便”是消极段落。稍加分析可知A段是一些人对建造体育场的高昂成本表现出scepticism（怀疑）态度；D段为20世纪初期体育场的缺点与不便利之处。E段以及F段都提及到体育场的优点，但15题的环境优点只有在F段的“能源发电”体现。16题中的新体育场的设施恰好与E段的多功能使用相对应。因此14-17题的答案分别为：A F E D。

为了让同学们更好抓住做匹配题的思路，我特意选择了一篇较为基础的文章作为练习，考场实际难度可能会高于本篇文章。

但做题方法是不变的，匹配题只要抓住段落最中心的思想，再去题干中找与之对应的关键词，即可正确匹配。但是，做段落匹配题切忌在文章中直接找题干中的原词，因为大多数题干都会换一种说法，基本不会用到文章中的原文原词。

单选题多出现在Passage 3。很多同学在面对此类题型时也十分头大，草草懵一个选项了事。诚然，单选题选项较多，占用时间较长，我也建议同学们最后做单选题。但最后做不代表放弃做，首先我们要明白单选题的实质：

70%的单选题都是四道判断题，你需要做的就是在四道判断题之中找出T的选项，其余都是F或NG。一般每道题的四个选项在文中对应的位置都在同一段落，这也相对降低了做题难度。

以下面的单选题为例，让我们做四道判断题。前文主要讲述抓捕一个流亡的国王。

To catch a king

Anna Keay reviews Charles Spencer’s book about the hunt for King Charles II during the English Civil War of the seventeenth century

Charles Spencer is the perfect person to pass the story on to a new generation. His pacey, readable prose steers deftly clear of modern idioms and elegantly brings to life the details of the great tale. He has even-handed sympathy for both the fugitive king and the fierce republican regime that hunted him, and he succeeds in his desire to explore far more of the background of the story than previous books on the subject have done. Indeed, the opening third of the book is about how Charles II found himself at Worcester in the first place, which for some will be reason alone to read To Catch a King.

Q：What does the reviewer say about Charles Spencer in the fifth paragraph?

A. His decision to write the book comes as a surprise.

B.  He takes an unbiased approach to the subject matter.

C.  His descriptions of events would be better if they included more detail.

D.  He chooses language that is suitable for a twenty-first-century audience.

现在我们分别用判断题的思维来带入一下四个选项。该段落第一句表明作家Charles Spencer是将故事传递给年轻新一代最完美的人选，接下来解释了种种原因。

A选项，他写下这本书的决定令人惊讶。文中只提到了他写这本书最合适，并没强调是否令人惊讶，属于无端猜测，NG。

B选项，首先我们必须认识biased表示“有偏见的”，unbiased表示“不偏不倚的”，approach除了动词“接近”含义外，也有名词“方法”含义。所以B选项表示作者对待主角事件采用公平的的方式。对应原文第三句话，即使我们不认识“even-handed、fugitive或者republican regime”我们依然能根据“ sympathy、both and、that hunted him”判断出，作者对国王以及“追捕国王的XX”都抱有同情，因此可以推断出作者是公正的态度，B选项为“T”。当然，我们应该知道even作为形容词有“均匀的、平坦的”含义，even-handed即为“公正的”，fugitive有“逃犯、逃亡的”之意，republican regime译为“共和政体”。

C选项，他对事件的描述如果能包含更多细节就更好了。定位原文第二句“elegantly brings to life the details of the great tale”优雅地将伟大故事中的细节带进生活可知，书中已经包含细节部分，C选项为“F”。

D选项对应原文“His pacey, readable prose steers deftly clear of modern idioms”中的clear译为清除，而modern idioms为现代习语。“清除了现代习语”可能对21世纪的读者稍有难度，也可能更有古文气息，因此不确定即为NG。原句译为“他节奏明快、可读性强的散文巧妙地避开了现代习语”。

可以看出其实每个选项在原文中都有迹可循，很少出现完全找不到对应句的情况。因此我建议学生如果时间来不及，在考试时可以后做选择题，快速定位答案句后排出错误选项，看到确定对的直接选择从而节省时间。当然如果你时间来得及，最好还是像我这样把每个选项的T、F或NG都判断出来从而确保万无一失。

在做配对题时务必极值一个要领：理解段落意思！！利用题干关键词确定文章对应的位置之后，先不看选项词，而是尝试理解整个段落或句子的大概意思，在心中给出一个答案，再去选项词里找出相对应的词。切忌逐词逐句的去对应原文找意思相近的答案词，因为很多题目为了防止你这样做，都是通过改变词性、变化句式等方式将句子改头换面。接下来我们看一下剑15 Test3 Passage 3的文章节选。

Why fairy tales are really scary tales

Some people think that fairy tales are just stories to amuse children, but their universal and enduring appeal may be due to more serious reasons

Tehrani's analysis focused on Little Red Riding Hood in its many forms, which include another Western fairy tale known as The Wolf and the Kids. Checking for variants of these two tales and similar stories from Africa, East Asia and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions. Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they were indeed related, he used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time.

First he tested some assumptions about which aspects of the story alter least as it evolves, indicating their importance. Folklorists believe that what happens in a story is more central to the story than the characters in it - that visiting a relative, only to be met by a scary animal in disguise, is more fundamental than whether the visitor is a little girl or three siblings, or the animal is a tiger instead of a wolf.

题干部分：

Tehrani used techniques from evolutionary biology to find out if  32  existed among 58 stories from around the world. He also wanted to know which aspects of the stories had fewest  33 , as he believed these aspects would be the most important ones.

32题先通过关键词“58 stories”定位到第一段最后一句。此时可以看到该句开头为“Checking for variants”，倘若不理解段落含义，32题极容易选择F项 variations。

接下来我们用先理解文章，后看选项的方式来做题。第一段主要讲述Tehrani发现“小红帽”这个故事在不同国家有很多不同的版本，最后选出58个类似的故事。在phy...分析后发现它们之间实际上有关联（related），他使用了同样的方法去探索故事是怎样发展和变换(alter)的。

再来看题干，Tehrani用了“techniques from evolutionary biology”——大概就是你不认识的那个“phy...单词”，去寻找58个故事里是否存在“ 32 ”，这里我的第一反应就是“关联relation”，去选项词中一看肯定是D项“links”。

接下来33题关键词fewest对应原文第二段第一句的least。整句表示他验证了一些假说，哪种故事在演变（evolve）过程中变化最小。所以33题我的第一反应是“变化change”，去选项词中，接近的只有“variations(变体)”，哪怕你不认识这个词至少也知道various有形容词“多样的”意思，也可以选出正确答案。

由此可见，运用找对应词法不是不行，但是错误率比较高，更重要的是你可能在考场上心慌找不到与原文完全对应的选项词，浪费答题时间。因此词汇配对题我建议大家通过关键词定位至原文句子后，通读全段，尝试理解文章含义后，心中自己给出一个答案，再去找与之意思相近的选项词，这样做题正确率和效率都会大幅提高。当然这种做题方式对你的词汇量有一定基础要求，但即使你词汇量不够，也可通过单词的变体猜出其大概意思。比如原文中的“phylogenetic”我也不认识，但是我知道genetic和“基因”有关，题干中techniques from evolutionary biology又是“进化”又是“生物”的，大概就是与这个词对应了。

02

听力

1

2

地图题

很多同学在考场上遇到地图题就很慌，然而我却觉得地图题只要掌握良好的做题技巧可以将错误的题目控制在一个以内。地图题和配对题有着异曲同工之妙，都是盯着选项词/地图，而题干本身只用于定位。拿剑16 Test 1 Part 2为例，听力原文中会依次说出15-20题的coffee room等地点的原词，在听到地点词后迅速在地图中跟着叙述者的思路走，找到正确的位置。一旦漏听不要慌，抓紧听下一个，否则会出现全部漏听的可能。

在读题时，要对地图上出现的所有词汇都十分熟悉，心中默念一遍所有的场所和各种路名。尤其注意“entrance”的位置，以及各个方位的“gate”的位置，因为绝大多数地图题的开始都是从某一个入口或门进入，接着沿着某个方向走。如下图的“reception”就大概率是听力的开始路线。同时注意到两条路“Main Road”和“Access Road”，以及工厂和树的位置。很多时候每个答案它都会用两个句子来验证，哪怕你没听出来其中一个句子，另一个句子也可能告诉你答案。最后，希望大家认真积累地图相关词汇及句式（以下是几个例子）：

1. on the left/ right 在左边/右边

2. opposite the factory 在工厂对面

3. walk along ....... 沿着...走

4. across.. from... 从...穿过....

5. is situated between hospital and park　位于医院和公园之间

6. beyond the swimming pool 在靠近游泳池一边

7. at the junction of ....Street and ..... Street 在...街和...街的交叉路口

8.  Go along the corridor past the courtyard 沿着走廊穿过院子

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口语

1

I am a senior student about to graduate in June this year. My major is related to business, specifically it is Accounting, and I plan to apply for a master next year, but I prefer to take a major related to finance or management. 

Well, of course children prefer to do outdoor activities, but from my perspective, it doesn’t mean adults dislike to play outside, the point is that who has more leisure time to do outdoor activities. Most of the adults working in all walks life have a heavy workload and work overtime on a regular basis, which result in they prefer to stay at home to relax as long as they are available.

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写作

1

• 第一段（复述段）：对题干进行改写，注意要尽量用不同句式及词汇。

• 第二段（总领段）：总领段不描述任何具体数值，从整体角度阐述数据变化趋势、极值、不同项目比较。从两个最明显的角度对图片进行概括比较。

• 第三段（细节段1）：从一个角度切入描述细节

• 第四段（细节段2）：从另一个角度切入描述细节